Bharangi is a plant which is considered to be one of the most important plant that can help in the treatment of breathlessness. It finds its place in many formulations of Ayurveda tha are mainly used to treat breathlessness. This plant is usually seen as a weed throughout India especially upto an elevation of 4500 feet above sea level. The botanical name of the plant is Clerodendrum serratum (L) Moon and belongs to the family of Verbenaceae. The name Clerodendrum is derived from two Greek words namely “Cleros” and “Dendron” which means chance and tree respectively. While the name serratum is denoting the characteristic feature of the leaf which has a serrated or saw-like margin. The details of the plant are as described below.
PLANT DETAILS
BOTANICAL NAME
Clerodendrum serratum (L) Moon
FAMILY
Verbenaceae
NOMENCLATURE
VERNACULAR NAMES
- Kannada – Gantubharangi
- Malayalam – Cheruttek
- Tamil – Kavali, Parangi pattai
- Telugu – Bharangi, banal chettu
- Hindi – Bharangi
- English – Blue flowered glory tree
SANSKRIT SYNONYMS
- भारङ्गी (Bharangi) – Relieves diseases
- भृगुभवा (Bhrugubhava) – Originated from sages like Bhrigu
- ब्राह्मणयष्टिका (Brahmayashtika), ब्राह्मणी (Brimhani) – Stems are thin & are without branches
- खरशाक (Kharashaka) – The leaves are rough
- पद्मा (Padma) – The flowers resembles the lotus.
- सुरूप (Surupa), हिज्जिका (Hajjika) – The plant has a beautiful appearance.
- अङ्गारवल्लि (Angaravalli) – The plant occurs wild.
- वर्षाबर्बरका (Varshabarbaraka), – The plant sprouts in the rainy season.
- भ्रमरप्रिया (Bhramarpriya), भृङ्गज (Bhringaja) – The plant has a beautiful appearance.
- खरपुष्पा (Kharapushpa), हिज्जिका (Hajjika) – The flowers are rough and beautiful
PLANT IMAGE
SAMHITA CLASSIFICATION
- Sushruta Samhita – पिप्पल्यादि (Pippalyadi)
NIGHANTU CLASSIFICATION
- Dhanvantari Nighantu – Guduchyadi Varga
- Bhavaprakasha Nighantu – Hareetakyadi Varga,
- Raja Nighantu – Pippalyadi Varga
- Kaiyadeva Nighantu – Aushadhi Varga
BRIEF MORPHOLOGY
A shrub that grows upto 2.4mts height, woody, not much branched, bluntly quadrangular with woody rootstock. Leaves are simple, opposite, oblong or elliptic, sharply serrate, glabrous with short petioles. Inflorescence is lax pubescent dichotomous cymes collectively forming long lax terminal pyramidal erect panicles with numerous pale-blue or bluish purple flowers. The fruit is drupe which is 6mm long, obovoid, 6mm long, bluish black and glossy. The roots are thick knotted and woody.
PHARMACOGNOSY OF OFFICIAL PART
MACROSCOPY
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MICROSCOPY
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PART USED AND POSOLOGY
PART USED
मूल (Roots)
DOSE
चूर्ण (Powder) – 1 to 3 gms,
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
The roots contain D-mannitol, catechins, flavonones, chalcones, hispidulin, serratagenic acid, acteoside, indolizione, oleanolic acid, clerodermic acid, betulinic acid, γ-sitosterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol, etc
रसपञ्चक कर्म PROPERTIES AND USES AS PER AYURVEDA
गुण (Properties)
- रस (Rasa) – तिक्त (Tikta), कटु (Katu), कषाय (Kashaya)
- गुण (Guna) – गुरु (Guru), रूक्ष (Ruksha)
- वीर्य (Veerya) – उष्ण (Ushna)
- विपाक (Vipaka) – कटु (Katu)
- प्रभाव – None
कर्म & प्रयोग (Action & Indications)
- दोषकर्म (Doshakarma) – कफवातशामक (Kaphavatashamaka)
- धातुकर्म & मलकर्म (Dhatukarma and Malakarma) – Main actions – दीपन, पाचन, रुच्य, शोथहर, कासहर, श्वासहर & ज्वरघ्न (Deepana, Pachana, Ruchya, Shothahara, Kasahara, Shwasahara & Jwaraghna)
- Other Actions – स्वेदजनन, अनुलोमन, रक्तशोधक, दाहप्रशमन, क्रिमिघ्न, etc (Swedajana, Anulomana, Raktashodhaka, Dahaprashamana, Krimighna, etc)
- प्रयोग (Prayoga) – Mainly कास, श्वास, शोष, ज्वर, पीनस, गुल्म, रक्तमूत्र, अग्निमान्द्य & अरुचि (Kasa, Shwasa, Shotha, Jwara, Peenasa, Gulma, Raktamutra, Agnimandya & Aruchi), also useful in व्रणशोथ, ग्रन्थि, गलगण्ड, गण्डमाला, अपस्मार, यक्ष्म, हिक्क, etc (Vranashotha, Granthi, Galaganda, Gandamala, Apasmara, Yakshma, Hikka, etc)
AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS
CLASSICAL
- भारङ्गीगुड
- भारङ्ग्यादि क्वाथ
- कनकासव
- शृङ्ग्यादि चूर्ण
- योगराजगुग्गुलु
- खदिरादि गुटिक
PROPRIETARY
- Kabasur kudineer
AGRONOMY
ENVIRONMENT
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CULTIVATION
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HARVESTING
YET TO BE COMPILED
STORAGE
YET TO BE COMPILED
VARIETIES AND SUBSTITUTES OR ADULTERANTS
VARIETIES
NONE MENTIONED
ADULTERANTS
NONE MENTIONED
SUBSTITUTES
YET TO BE COMPILED
TOXICITY
TOXIC SYMPTOMS
- YET TO BE COMPILED
ANTIDOTE
- YET TO BE COMPILED
शोधन or PURIFICATION METHOD
- YET TO BE COMPILED
THERAPEUTIC USES
EXTERNAL USES –
The paste of leaves is applied over swelling and even in lymphadenopathy. The juice of leaf is applied over the lesions of erysipelas. The leaves are also applied over wounds and glandular affections. Even the paste prepared from roots are applied over glandular diseases. The leaves are boiled in oil and butter, made into an ointment and applied to treat opthalmia and cephalagia.
INTERNAL USES –
Fine powder of the roots are given along with the decoction of Sesamum seeds to treat amenorrhoea. To treat the condition of dyspnoea and cough, ginger juice and the root juice of Bharangi is mixed and given internally. The leaves are cooked with vegetables and given as food to treat Malarial fever.
MODE OF ACTION OF THE PLANT
YET TO BE COMPILED
CONTROVERSY (IF PRESENT)
YET TO BE COMPILED
LIST OF RESEARCH STUDIES
- Singh Mukesh Kr, Gaurav Khare et al. “Clerodendrum serratum: A clinical Approach” Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science”. 02 (02); 2012: 11-15
- Wang, Jin-Hui et al. “Traditional uses and pharmacological properties of Clerodendrum phytochemicals.” Journal of traditional and complementary medicine vol. 8,1 24-38. 11 May. 2017, doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.04.001
- Jagruti J. Patel, Sanjeev R. Acharya, Niyati S. Acharya, Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. – A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 154, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 268-285, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.071.